The Job Characteristics Model was developed by which two researchers?

• A. Herzberg and McClelland
• B. Porter and Kramer
• C. Hackman and Oldham
• D. McGregor and Mayo

Answer: (C)

The Job Characteristics Model explains how the design of a job shapes motivation by influencing how meaningful the work feels, how responsible the worker feels for outcomes, and how clearly they understand results. This model was developed by J. Richard Hackman and Greg Oldham. They identified five core job dimensions—skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback—that drive those psychological states and, in turn, motivation, performance, and satisfaction. The other pairs are associated with different theories of motivation or organizational behavior, not this model.